Bill Clinton As Vice President - Constitutional Issue

Bill Clinton As Vice President - Constitutional Issue The question of whether Bill Clinton could be elected vice president and be allowed to serve in that capacity surfaced during the 2016 presidential election when his wife, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, jokingly told interviewers the idea had crossed my mind. The question goes deeper, of course, than just whether Bill Clinton could be elected and serve as vice president. Its about whether any president who has served out his  statutory limit of two terms as president could then serve as vice president and next in the line of succession to the commander in chief. The easy answer is: We dont know. And we dont know because no president whos served two terms has actually come back and tried to win election to vice president. But there are key parts of the U.S. Constitution that appear to raise enough serious questions about whether Bill Clinton or any other two-term president could later serve as a vice president. And there are enough red flags to keep any serious presidential candidate from picking someone like Clinton as a running mate. Generally speaking, a candidate wouldn’t want to select a running mate when there’s serious doubt about the running mate’s eligibility, and when there are many other good alternatives as to whom there’s no doubt, wrote Eugene Volokh, a professor at the UCLA School of Law. The Constitutional Problems With Bill Clinton Being Vice President The 12th Amendment to the U.S.Constitution states that â€Å"no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.† Clinton and other former U.S. presidents clearly met the eligibility requirements to be vice president  at one point - that is, they were at least 35 years old at the time of the election, they had lived in the United States for at least 14 years, and they were natural born U.S. citizens. But then comes the 22nd Amendment, which states that no person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice. So now, under this amendment, Clinton and other two-term presidents are rendered ineligible to be president again. And that ineligibility to be president, according to some interpretations, makes them ineligible to be vice president under the 12th amendment, though this interpretation has never been test by the U.S. Supreme Court. Clinton has been elected to the presidency twice. So he can no longer be elected to the presidency, according to the language of the 22nd Amendment. Does that mean he is constitutionally ineligible to serve as president, to use the language of the 12th Amendment? asked FactCheck.org journalist Justin Bank. If so, he could not serve as vice president. But finding out would certainly make for an interesting Supreme Court case. In other words, writes  Volokh in The Washington Post: Does constitutionally ineligible to the office of President mean (A) constitutionally barred from being  elected  to the office of President, or (B) constitutionally barred from  serving  in the office of President? If it means option A - if eligible is roughly synonymous, for elected offices, with electable - then Bill Clinton would be ineligible to the office of president because of the 22nd Amendment, and thus ineligible to the office of vice president because of the 12th Amendment. On the other hand, if eligible means simply constitutionally barred from serving, then the 22nd Amendment doesn’t speak to whether Bill Clinton is eligible for the office of president, since it only says that he may not be  elected  to that office. And because there’s nothing in the constitution that makes Clinton ineligible for the presidency, the 12th   Amendment doesn’t make him ineligible for the vice presidency. Cabinet Position Are Also Problematic for Bill Clinton Theoretically, the 42nd president of the United States would have been eligible to serve in his wifes cabinet, though some legal scholars might raise concerns if she were to nominate him  to secretary of the Department of State. It would have placed him in the line of succession to the presidency, and should his wife and her vice president have become unable to serve Bill Clinton would have become president - an ascension some scholars believe would have been in violation of the spirit of the Constitutions 22nd Amendment prohibition on presidents serving a third term.

Free Essays on Education For The Handicapped

Between the mid 1960s and 1975, state legislatures, the federal courts, and the U.S. Congress spelled out strong educational rights for children with disabilities. Forty-five state legislatures passed laws mandating, encouraging, and/or funding special education programs. Federal courts, interpreting the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ruled that schools could not discriminate on the basis of disability and that parents had due process rights related to their children's schooling (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). People who have advocated for students with disabilities have always tried to find separate funding for special education services. In advocating for students with disabilities, there has been a push toward grants instead of categorical programs. Greater inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms has raised concerns about whether students with disabilities will continue to have full access to the special services they need. Prior to the 1950s, few federal laws authorized direct education benefits to persons with disabilities (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). During the early and mid 1800s there were acts that made grants for asylums for the â€Å"deaf and the dumb.† This also promoted education for people who were blind. After these early trials, the federal government had limited involvement in public schools. The first major federal efforts in the modern era to improve public elementary and secondary schools came in 1958 and 1965, and neither included provisions for education of children with disabilities (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). In the 1950s the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. This perceived threat prompted Congress to pass the National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA). This act provided grants to improve science and math teaching in the ... Free Essays on Education For The Handicapped Free Essays on Education For The Handicapped Between the mid 1960s and 1975, state legislatures, the federal courts, and the U.S. Congress spelled out strong educational rights for children with disabilities. Forty-five state legislatures passed laws mandating, encouraging, and/or funding special education programs. Federal courts, interpreting the equal protection and due process guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ruled that schools could not discriminate on the basis of disability and that parents had due process rights related to their children's schooling (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). People who have advocated for students with disabilities have always tried to find separate funding for special education services. In advocating for students with disabilities, there has been a push toward grants instead of categorical programs. Greater inclusion of special education students in general education classrooms has raised concerns about whether students with disabilities will continue to have full access to the special services they need. Prior to the 1950s, few federal laws authorized direct education benefits to persons with disabilities (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). During the early and mid 1800s there were acts that made grants for asylums for the â€Å"deaf and the dumb.† This also promoted education for people who were blind. After these early trials, the federal government had limited involvement in public schools. The first major federal efforts in the modern era to improve public elementary and secondary schools came in 1958 and 1965, and neither included provisions for education of children with disabilities (Martin, Martin & Terman, 1996). In the 1950s the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. This perceived threat prompted Congress to pass the National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA). This act provided grants to improve science and math teaching in the ...

Dead Poest Society & John Dewey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dead Poest Society & John Dewey - Essay Example In his book Dewey goes on to give a light on the essential difference exiting between typical Welton’s classroom and Keating classroom. As opposed to Welton’s classroom, Keating’s students are likely to develop fun in their learning because of the chance they had in experiencing recreations and field treks outside their classroom. He revives the Dead Poets society that creates a chance for the student to focus on another world far from their curriculum. The fun developed allows the students to develop much passion for the curriculum. This is different to the Welton’s orthodox case where the students had no chance for experiencing fun in their curriculum. Keating, acted as the model described by Dewey evident when he told the student to tear the introductory page of their book while reading. This indicates that Keating as a teacher took up the trait of an executor who brought meaningful association between the students and their reading material. By tearing the page indicates that Keating was concerned about sorting out digestible and most relevant information for his students. Indifferent to this, Nolan, Welton’s headmaster and the enforcer of the traditional system is surprised when he finds out that the students had ripped the first page (Franklin, 2009). This reveals the unusual nature of the traditional systems, as indicated by Dewey, whereby the students are supposed to rely on books rather than their instructors (Dewey, 2007). Keating’s way of teaching proves to be much beneficial to his students. Among the benefits derived from Keating acting as the executor rather than the book, is that the students received refined information which is easier to understand. Keating was able to sort out useful information that he viewed important for the students’ digestion; otherwise, the students would have ended up reading bulky information without knowing what is important for their studies. Further,

Audiometry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Audiometry - Lab Report Example It also assists in assessing the nature, degree, and probable cause of the hearing impairment of s patient. The pure tone audiometry is used in determining the threshold of hearing of the patient. This is defined by the lowest hearing level at which the patient responds at least 51% of the time to auditory stimuli. These thresholds are found using procedures as recommended by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Pure tone threshold testing should be handled in a sound controlled room. This will help in avoiding masking by unacceptable noise levels in the room. An audiogram is composed of three main parts namely, pure tone testing that determines ability to detect sound, and speech testing determines ability to decode sound, and tympanometry which helps in defining where the problem is. The normal hearing ability ranges between 10 - 25 dB HL while for serve cases it ranges between severe 70 - 85 dB HL. For the first patient, the left ear, frequencies between 0-2000(Hz), the hearing ability ranges between -20—50dBHL. As the rate increases past 2000 Hz, the hearing ability increases from -30 to -10 dBHL. However, when the rate hits past 4000 Hz, the hearing ability decreases to -36 dBHL. On the other hand, the right ear, the hearing ability increases gradually except when the frequency reaches 250-500 Hz where the hearing ability remains constant. However, this shows the right ear has a better listening ability. For the second patient, the hearing ability varies between different frequencies. In the left ear, the hearing ability increases between 250-2000 Hz. However, when the frequency goes past 2000 Hz, the hearing ability starts to decrease. This illustrates that when sound frequency goes beyond 2000 Hz, the hearing ability of the left ear becomes null. However, for the left ear, the hearing ability increases. The majority of thresholds are roughly 0 dB HL for a healthy ear. Points under 0 dB HL on the scale designate

Public smoking bans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public smoking bans - Essay Example There are a number of reasons for banning smoking in public places. First, such smoking endangers non – smokers, by exposing them to side stream or second hand smoke. Such smoke has been seen to cause dangerous ailments to the person who inhales it. Second, an undesirable example is set for the suggestible children, when smoking is permitted in public. Third, such prohibition enables smokers to discontinue smoking, thereby enabling them to lead a much healthier life (Khilawala). Fourth, banning smoking had legal and moral basis, which has proved to be successful in preventing young adults from falling prey to this deadly habit. Fifth, the proscription of smoking in public places has made it much more attractive to visit a discotheque or bar. Finally, the forbidding of such smoking has significantly reduced the number of individuals with cardiac complaints (Khilawala). There is consensus amongst the scientific community that smoking is extremely hazardous. It has now been confirmed that tobacco smoke results in cancer, cardiac ailments and strokes. However, it is essential to recognize that smoking harms the non – smoker, who happens to be in the vicinity of an individual who is smoking, to a much greater extent. Such passive smokers are at a considerably greater risk of contracting deadly disease (PROS vs. CONS). Furthermore, the non – smoker is forcibly exposed to smoke; and therein lies the iniquity and inequity of this untenable situation. Therefore, there is every justification to call for and impose a total ban on smoking in public. This is essential, if passive smoking is to be prevented. A recent report was categorical in declaring that approximately 440,000 denizens of the US die every year, due to the ill effects of smoking. Male smokers reduce their longevity, on an average, by 13.2 years; whereas, their female counterparts achieve a reduction of 14.5 years. The data on smoking reveals

Analysis of the U.S. Health Care System

Analysis of the U.S. Health Care System U.S. Health Care System Radhika Chhabra Healthcare within the United States has captured different people within the field such as business leaders, policy makers, and health experts to give the system a reformation. Within the year of 1993 and 1994 the United States government has changed over the course of the year and made sure that the reformation of the nation’s health care system stays intact. There are many underlying issues within the health care system and they need to have problems fixed as soon as possible and provide care to patients that are needed. â€Å"Unlike many other issues, the polls of American health care could be defined simply: health care costs too much and too many Americans go without needed care. Yet agreeing on a cure for those ills proved to be exceedingly difficult† (Cloyd, 2014). The United States carries on different ideas to improve their healthcare system and it seems like the way of expansion they need to have the proper access to provide the correct services that are needed within the U.S. health care system. Within the U.S. healthcare system the costs need to be lowered because the prices are tending to escalate within different organizations and the delivery of healthcare. The United States has been tied up within their problems and their main concern is the financial resources that are unable to be provided to them. This is one of the reasons why the U.S. depends on other countries to look for cures and other solution to provide medical care for patients. With different accesses that should be able to guarantee the control of costs within a health care facility. It tends to make it more difficult at times when they do not know what to expect and that ends up being risky and uncertain. The U.S. health care system needs to be successful with changing the system and the way they approach patients in the delivery. â€Å"Therefore the right question is whether measures exist that can improve conditions substantially within a reasonable amount of time. Different health care systems meet different needs and set different priorities. Each health care system tries to meet priorities, and in doing so each has disadvantages and advantages† (Cloyd, 2014). By reforming the healthcare system the U.S. should follow other countries institutions and making decisions what is best for their patients and their facilities. The consideration is that the country adopted other conditions from other countries and that makes it clarify that that it cann ot be possible to transition into another nation’s health care system. The people that are involved within the transition are the ones that are interested with specific features of other medical equipment and what they system provide to help patients out with their care. The U.S. system has different companies around the country that will provide medical care to their patients but have adaptation from different Japanese manufactures that will provide high quality techniques. The reason why the United States can adopt different aspects of different countries healthcare systems is because they can learn from each other on their culture and technology. People are showing the same and or different challenges that they face within a medical facility and for those reasons they are able to learn off one another. â€Å"Thus, the search for solutions has become global in scope, as the United States looks beyond its borders to examine how other industrialized nations provide and finance health care. Such lessons from abroad are made possible by cross-national comparisons and analyses of the extensive comparative data and information available† (Cloyd, 2014). There are different challenges that people tend to face within the American health care system and those are: the pressure of populations, the medical increases in costs and expensive procedures that are being done. Different nations are having a hard time of balancing these issues and making sure that they get resolved in a timely matter to making sure that everything works best for the patients. â€Å"There’s a bright side, to be sure. The U.S. leads the world in health care research and cancer treatment, for instance. The five-year survival rate for breast cancer is higher in the U.S. than in other OECD countries and survival from colorectal cancer is also among the best, according to the group (Kane, 2012). The US and other countries need to show an interest in another and see the benefits from each country and what they can provide for one another. Medical facilities need to feed off one another from different countries and see what they can provide and bring to the table that way their expansion can be bigger and better. Furthermore, there are different industries that have been approachable for these types of concerns that happen within the industry. The U.S. health care system and other industries need to discover in which ways to adapt and strengthen the industry to make sure it is a successful one. There have been different methods that have been involved to make sure that the international health care systems and the U.S. health care system are on the same page. The reason why it has become such an issue is because the different system has become a failure at the points of demonstrating the delivery of health care. The United States health care system is facing different challenges that show a clear enough indication to show the urgency of changing the delivery of the system. â€Å"Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes† (Brennan, 2009). The cast of the system is on a doubt because of it being feasible and reliable for coverage of the expansions that makes sure that the U.S. health care system will continue not to have large gaps within the industry. This means having people with access to their own insurance coverage(s). By improving the health care delivery system is to show the different improvements of the quality and the value of delivery that patients do receive. They do have to deliver the different issue of the escalated costs, the poor quality that is being delivered and the rising increase numbers of people who are without health care insurance. Medical professionals need to keep patients in a healthy state and making sure that they prevent any common illnesses. â€Å"Thoughtfully constructed reforms would support greater access to health-improving care — in contrast to the current system, which encourages more tests, procedures, and treatments that are at best unnecessary and at worst harmful† (Brennan, 2009). The health care quality gap is described as a gap of certain things within the population such as racial and ethnic groups. This gap is between the actual care that is being provided to what the best quality of care can be given or received. â€Å"The landmark Institute of Medicine report Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century challenges all health care organizations to pursue six major aims of health care improvement: safety, timeliness, effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and patient-centeredness† (Mayberry, 2006) . The equity in quality care is to show that all availability within the industry makes people not show the difference within race, ethnicity or other characteristics that can relate to patients care. The Baylor Health Care System is in a position that they can delivery health care that can lead to a system that provides equity research. Their organization provides different leadership involvement will make the employees achieve the bes t care possible. Furthermore, their access use and the way health care is delivered has to be more moral, ethical and deal with the economic issues that are raising questions for them to create a goal that needs to be achieved in a timely matter. By eliminating different problems within the health care industry they need to be strategized in a way where it will show the quality of improving the delivery of health care. â€Å"Quality performance indicators currently collected and evaluated indicate that Baylor Health Care System often performs better than the national average. However, there are significant variations in care by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status that indicate the many remaining challenges in achieving â€Å"best care† for all. There is a significant gap between the quality of care the US health care system is capable of achieving and the quality of care it currently delivers† (Mayberry 2006). Healthcare safety and the quality that is being delivered make problems exist because of the different systems that are being provided to show the different levels that implement the care. By having the persistence in healthcare will also raise concerns in the overall quality of the care and have different impacts in the health care facility. There is a greater equity and insurance within the health care system to show the importance of it growing capability for business and individual people who are investors within the field. Different companies show the investment within the field by paying for their employee’s health insurance planes and they are showing an increase for concern. The reason for the concern is the quality of care that their employees are receiving from their providers that are showing a negative impact and the poor quality of care. The persistence of a medical gap is within the health care access and shows the outcomes by the different races and ethnicities the question the equity of health care. This also shows differences unfairness, the justice behind the discrimination within the U.S and different society struggles that people face. The gap in the quality of care shows the challenges to achieve the best care possible and they are the following: the increase of awareness and the importance in clinical quality and operations and showing the achievement of best care, showing a creating of cultural transformation in which people show the abilities to provide the best care possible. There should also be a cultural transformation where the equity has to be an important more of a clinical transformation, the creation of health care operation will overall improve the quality of health care practices. The effort and commitment to approve healthcare is the achievement of best practices possible that will fit the organization and fit that facility to show equitable care. There will always be issues that come up within the healthcare industry because at the fact it is always changing. There can be results that can help minimize the problems within the industry and a big resolution is implementing the EMR system into each medical facility within the United States. The electronic medical record will only provide better medical attention to patients that are receiving care. This also helps out different medical physicians in regards to accessing patient records within a timely matter and that way they can provide the patient with the best medical attention possible One of the strengths of having and EMR within a medical facility provides less paper and storage because everything is electronic and the country would save a lot of money on the paper use. â€Å"Reduced redundancy in record-keeping efforts and improved operational efficiency. EMRs have superior capabilities for storing, processing, and retrieving information and computerized methods are sign ificantly faster than paper-based methods† (Kumar Aldrich, 2010).The communication level between physicians and patients would be a lot stronger because the EMR system has a way of providing pictures of patient’s exams and it would be a lot more legible than a paper record and this gives the physician to able to give more time to patient and their needs for medical care. The EMR system improves the data accuracy and shows the services of billing and coding to be done easier and show a method of information that will prevent medical errors. EMR provides a better mechanism for analyzing and reviewing patient outcomes. Its flexible output formats could be customized to meet the needs of patients, payers, referral sources, and other parties who use health information† (Kumar Aldrich, 2010). With strengths there always comes weaknesses and the fact the EMR System is so expensive will put a damper on the government and the medical facility that will be implementing them into their facility. There have been estimated costs of $28 billion a year over a ten year development and then a $16 billion spread over the course of the implementations. Along with the costs there is also the system complication of how to navigate it and use it with the information that is given. There would always need to be a staff training and making sure that the staff clearly understands on how the system works and needs to be comfortable enough to navigate throughout the departments (Kumar Aldrich, 2010). Through the EMR systems they show the capability of giving healthcare initiatives of the governments showing the clinical research for policymakers, sponsors and researchers. â€Å"Research à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ndings and the medical discoveries must be converted into useful products and services for physicians, patients, and health care providers. Clinical decision support systems (DSS) are vital components to enable this and can also substantially reduce the time of submission of higher-quality research data to the FDA for clinical trials† (Venkatraman Bala, 2008). The development Developing and improving the EMR system is to make sure that all the components are working smooth and sufficient and making sure that the public health is away from any danger, diseases and etc. Combining the EMR system with any type of clinical component will show the electrical tracking system of any indicators that need to be fixed. By fixing these issues will only help health care professional treat p atients for their medical needs rather than processing the medical records on their own needs. In conclusion the U.S. Healthcare industry needs to make some changes and needs to make them fast that way there can be great benefits involved for patient care. The implementation of the IT systems such as the EMR will only help out different medical facilities, medical physicians, medical personals and even patients to provide better health care. One of the main reasons the EMR system will provide better healthcare to patients is to show that the healthcare industry needs to provide to their patients and they need to provide the best healthcare possible. â€Å"The new health reform law will bring about sweeping changes to the American health care system, not the least of which involves extending health insurance coverage to millions of Americans that have previously gone without (Zamosky, 2014). People are now required to have health insurance and this will only help them and be beneficial to them when medical attention is needed. References Brennan, N. (n.d.). Improving Quality and Value in the U.S. Health Care System. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2009/08/21-bpc-qualityreport Cloyd, C. (n.d.). Health Care Systems: Three International Comparisons. Health Care Systems: Three International Comparisons. Retrieved April 27, 2014, from https://www.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/soc_sec/health.htm Kane, J. (2012, October 22). Health Costs: How the U.S. Compares With Other Countries. PBS. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/health-costs-how-the-us-compares-with-other-countries/ Kumar, S., Aldrich, K. (2010). Overcoming barriers to electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in the US healthcare system: A comparative study. Health Informatics Journal, 16(4), 306-318. doi:10.1177/1460458210380523 Mayberry, R., Nicewander, D., Qin, H., Ballard, D. (n.d.). Abstract. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1426185/ VENKATRAMAN, S., BALA, H., VENKATESH, V., BATES, J. (2008). Six Strategies for Electronic Medical Records Systems. Communications Of The ACM, 51(11), 140-144. Zamosky, L. (2010, September 23). Health Reform Summary and Facts: Changes and Benefits That Affect You. WebMD. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/health-insurance/health-reform-summary-benefits

Expanding Lives: My Teaching Philosophy :: Teachers Education Essays

Expanding Lives: My Teaching Philosophy Life progresses in front of our own eyes, sometimes without us noticing. The days go by, the nights grow dark and then it is morning. In the course of each passing day, countless opportunities arise, some of which we take on while others we ignore. Teaching and learning are two of these chances, two I feel upon which we should never pass. In order to ensure I am teaching and learning at nearly every prospect, I have always lived my life as if it is a coloring book. When I was a child, I scribbled on every page, leaving messy streaks of crayon and never staying in the lines. Time went by with elementary school, and I learned the importance of following rules and staying in the lines. As I grew older and entered high school, I decided it was time to strengthen the boundaries, solidifying each picture with clarity and neatness. But here I am, in college and at the completion of my Junior Professional Experience—junior student teaching. How can my coloring book already be complete? It is not. Now it is time for me to go beyond the restraints, to color the world outside of each picture. By teaching and learning at every possibility, I will enrich not only my coloring book, but the pages of others as well. Teaching is not a simple task and it is not trouble-free, but I feel it is the most rewarding of all of life’s opportunities. I see teaching as a way of helping an individual expand. That expansion is not limited to knowledge, however. I want to expand a student’s mind, personality, understanding, worldview, and personal drive as well. If I help a student learn to read, that is teaching. If I assist a child in tying his shoe, that is teaching. If I practice with my brother while he works on his touchdown throw, that is teaching. If I make someone a better person, that is teaching in its most immaculate form. By expanding an individual’s ability to have an open mind and to accept people and their differences, I have made them a nobler person. If a student sits in my class all year with the literature and grammar going in one ear and out the other, but she still leaves with a better understanding of herself and a broadened scope of the world around her, I have succeeded in expanding her to some extent.

Limitations of Marketing Research Essay

Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of Nivea. No matter how small or large a market research project may be, any type of research performed poorly will not give relevant results. In fact, all research, no matter how well controlled, carries the potential to be wrong. There are many reasons why research may not give good results but a common problem is deciding whether the research is really measuring what it claims to be measuring. There are 3 types of limitations of market research. These are Cost effectiveness, reliability and validity of data collected. Reliability is chiefly concerned with making sure the method of data gathering leads to consistent results. For example; Nivea need to make sure that in their market research that they were asking the same questions asked of each person, was the sample big enough and reflective of the people who will use/buy the product would the same results be obtained from a different set of people. Reliability estimates the degree to which a product is measures in contrast to validity which involves the degree of accuracy. In research, Nivea will want to use measurement tools that are both reliable and valid. They will want to create questions that offer consistent responses when asked multiple times as this shows reliability. Validity asks whether the research measured what it intended to. Validity implies reliability: a valid measure must be reliable. But reliability does not necessarily imply validity: a reliable measure need not be valid. Validity is usually considered more important than reliability, because if an instrument does not accurately measure what it is supposed to, there is no reason to use it even if it measures reliably. Nivea needs to consider when carrying out their market research for a product is does the product measure what it claims to measure and is it accurate, this reduces the chances of the business making the wrong decision. If they so happen to make the wrong decision this will affect one of its marketing objectives which is to retain customers and gain new ones, if the validity of their data is not correct then they will not reach this marketing objectives as customers opinions of the company will differ. Costs are also an important consideration in market research, Nivea need to consider whether or not the product they’re promoting is cost effective. Their market research has to weigh up the cost of undertaking the research against the potential benefits that may result. You could spend a lot of time and effort in trying to solve a problem through market research, only to find that the solution may not be worth implementing. Also, marketing is one of the few areas of a budget that can be reigned in without hurting Nivea too much as they are a very successful business however, one of their marketing plans is to continue producing successful skin products and boost sales yearly. To do this they have a few cost-effective ways that a company can market its products. Search Engine Optimization- Nivea’s customers are no longer waiting for direct mail pieces to arrive before ordering–they are finding products when they want them through Internet searches. In fact, almost 90% of new visitors to a web site originate from major search engines. And clearly, a top ranking on Google can translate into hundreds or thousands of visitors– and orders–a month. As web pages proliferate, increasingly more aggressive search engine optimization strategies are needed to remain visible to Nivea’s customers. Permission-based Email Marketing. Permission is the difference between legitimate email marketing and spam, turning email marketing into a highly cost effective marketing strategy. The idea is simple and time tested: Nivea deliver highly relevant, timely, and personalized email messages to their customers and prospects at a fraction of the cost of direct mail to avoid any cost limitations. 3. Public Relations- News releases, white papers, case studies, awards, and sponsorships of educational events are just a few of the relatively inexpensive ways Nivea keep their brand name in front of other competitors. Although these methods have succeeded so far for them in the near future they will have to alter their methods as well as their approach to the types of market research they decide to carry out, otherwise poor market research will increase the chances of Nivea making a wrong decision. D2) Make and justify three recommendations for improving the validity (the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure) of the marketing research used to contribute to the development of your chosen organisation’s marketing plans. In this assignment I will be explaining how Nivea uses marketing research for its marketing planning by applying a Marketing Planning Process Model, a SWOT analysis on Nivea – giving at least 3 factors for each box) and their SMART objectives (stating what their business objectives are/might be) Marketing planning is concerned with establishing objectives and goals, allocating resources to meet these and setting out a clear plan of action. It also involves setting out ways of evaluating performance against marketing targets. Typically, the marketing planning process involves: a PESTLE audit, a SWOT analysis, setting SMART objectives, determining strategy and tactics, implementing strategy and tactics and evaluating effectiveness of marketing activity. A Marketing planning process model involves a PESTLE and SWOT As part of the marketing planning process, Nivea has to analyse its external environment. One useful way of analysing the external environment is by grouping external forces into six areas using a PESTLE analysis. PESTLE stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental influences. Political factors that affect a business are usually beyond the control of the organisation. However, the business needs to anticipate changes and identify the action it needs to take to either make the most of an opportunity or mitigate a threat. For example, a political factor that Nivea need to consider is that during a recession, any banks or financial services providers would have to consider the likely government scrutiny of any of their business decisions. Economic factors can affect the performance of a business. These relate to he national – or international economy. A economic factor that can affect Nivea are the periods of prosperity that they go through. This can happen in three ways for example’ when high employment and income drives demand within the organisation. It can also happen in the form of recession when demand falls, leading to lower income and employment within their organisation. Furthermore, in the form of recovery, when demand, income and employment gradually rise within the business. Social factors relate to the values and beliefs of society. This includes the population’s demographics (for example, size, gender, ethnicity, income, education, occupation). These social factors provide useful information for Nivea as it allows them to target their services at broad segments of the population, such as newspapers and magazines. Technological developments can affect businesses in a range of ways. For example, the development of e-commerce benefited business such Amazon. co. uk. Due to the rise in e-commerce Nivea had to produce a e-commerce website which eventually took business away from traditional shops.. Legal developments affect businesses in a range of ways. For example, if there was a change to the Data Protection Act it would affect Nivea and all other businesses that hold customer data. For example If a change in the act occurred then Nivea may not be able to expressly agree to the use of personal data for advertising or marketing purposes any more. Environmental factors can relate to the social, political and legal aspects affecting a business. For example, if Nivea decide to package their cream products in recyclable packaging. This may prove to be popular with consumers if there is a growing level of concern over waste. Similarly, the government may put pressure on businesses to increase the amount of recycling. SWOT analysis A useful approach to examining the relationship between a business and its marketing environment is by conducting a SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for: †¢ Strengths †¢ Weaknesses †¢ Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal to the business and can include issues such as the buildings, quality of the staff, IT systems and so on. The external element looks at the opportunities and threats present in the environment in which the organisation operates. Carrying out a SWOT analysis requires research into an organisation’s current and future position. The idea is to match an organisation’s strengths and weaknesses with the external forces (opportunities and threats). SWOT analysis draws together all the evidence from the various analytical techniques used. It is a way of producing a summary, which then provides the basis for developing marketing objectives or aims and ultimately strategies or plans. Strengths refer to the internal features of Nivea, which provide a competitive advantage. An example could be a highly efficient IT system which they use to design their products. The company also has a sound financial base, so it had the resources to put together a strong marketing campaign. Also, Nivea has staff with relevant skills – researchers with the scientific skills to develop products that men want and marketing staff with the skills to help promote these products effectively. Weaknesses are internal aspects of the organisation, which may not stand comparison with competition or are not performing effectively. An example might be major concerns and questions that Nivea have when launching a product For example; Was the product range still relevant for the target audience? Did it have the right sales and distribution outlets? Was its market research up-to-date? Opportunities focus on events and developments external to an organisation. This might include new territories for a product or service. Opportunities that Nivea will want to undertake is to open a new segment of a market. Also, NIVEA FOR MEN had seen an increase in the sales of male skincare products and it wants a greater share of this market, Nivea might might consider this. Furthermore, the company wants to take advantage of changing social attitudes such as men becoming more open, or certainly less resistant, to facial skincare products. Threats are developments external to the organisations, which could damage overall performance. These threats can originate from governmental policy, such as an increase in corporation tax or new laws. Threats to Nivea are consumers who are becoming more knowledgeable and price conscious. They often expect sales promotions such as discounts and offers. Also, the risk of competitors entering the market.

Shoemaker essays

Shoemaker essays The American Revolution was a major force affecting the lives and memories of the American people. Alfred F. Young, the author of The Shoemaker and the Tea Party presents the trials and tribulations of a common Bostonian named George Robert Twelves Hewes. Hewes is placed in uncommon situations, experienced through the late part of the 18th century. George R. T. Hewes was a common man of occupation and wealth class but was unique to the events of the American Revolutionary War. His uncommon spot in history comes from witnessing almost every major Revolutionary event in Boston. The shoemaker was present at key events in the pre-Revolutionary movement: the Boston Massacre, the so-called Tea Party, and the tarring and feathering of the customs officer John Malcolm. The first event George R. T. Hewes encountered was the Boston Massacre. Hewes became part of the mob that formed after the bloody murder of a young schoolboy. Hewes was not the coordinator of any action, nor was he involved in any violence himself, but witnessed the event. He even knew four of the five Bostonians killed during the Massacre. He and his relatives testified or gave a deposition for the prosecution of the British commander who ordered his troops to fire. George R. T. Hewes began a docile assault on the injustices he saw in the form of protest. Hewes experienced one of the first assaults on American life by British troops. He was in a situation where any of the protestors could have been killed. From Hewes words, I was soon on the ground among them (38). Young writes following this, as if it were natural that he should turn out in defense of fellow townsmen against what was assumed to be the danger of aggressive action by soldiers (38). This parallel among Young and Hewes thoughts is apparent throughout the book. This mob was a unified structure without social barriers. The second event and seemingly the most impo...

Assignment Durex Essay Example

Assignment Durex Essay Example Assignment Durex Essay Assignment Durex Essay The county has seen a shift from a conservative society to an increasingly open perspective. Condoms can be easily purchased at most petrol kiosks and convenient stores and are usually placed near the counters. Singapore are also seen as materialistic and brand conscious when it comes to purchasing (Google Books, 2015). More youths are also engaging in sexual relations at a younger age due to such influences like internet, media, and society at large (Enid Grubber, 2010). It is important that Dared constantly pays attention to these changes in society and constantly reposition its brand to avoid being seen as an out-dated brand. This way, it is able to connect to he youths and to avoid being stigmatize but the younger generations. In Singapore, technology is integral in the growth due to the limited resources. Singapore are mobile saws with 88%, either owning an Apple device or an android device that enables them to have access to the internet wherever and whenever they need it (semaphores in Singapore: A Whitepapers Release, 2012). However, technology is also a double-edged sword; while it can provide fast information but it can also be a Source of clutter. This provides a challenge for Dared as it has to compete with other online advertisements to reach out to the market. At the same time, because of technological advancements, this also allows condoms to be an alternative for contraceptive pills. In the recentness, Dared has caught up with the technological and social trend which allows them to reach out to more youths through the use of floggers, Youth and Google by purchasing the condoms online. By doing so, Dared has effectively addressed most of the PESTLE concerns by shifting their marketing efforts in that direction (Lovingly, 2014). Singapore has a tropical climate with humid temperatures, however, this does not affect Dared much as all of the products are not affected by seasonal or climate change. Singapore is a moderately green country and with their increasing efforts to categorize wastes accordingly, there is still a low adoption rate of these practices among households. As such, condoms are often used during personal time or at homes and are usually not disposed in a green manner. Dared condoms are made of Latex, Polystyrene and Polyurethane, which are not biodegradable materials (The Condom Depot Learning Center, 2014). This means that they must either be burnt or disposed in a landfill. There are no landfill taxes to be paid in Singapore, however, expired/unsold condoms are turned to Dared to ensure that they are not irresponsibly sold or disposed. This also means that Dared has to take on the costs of disposing off unwanted condoms and affects their profit of margin. There are no legal restrictions on the sale and use of condoms in Singapore, however, the legal age to have sex is at the age of 16 years old and 1 8 years old for commercial sex (Congregationalisms. Com, 2011). Therefore it is also a regulation that the condoms are to be accompanied by a user manual. This user manual often comprises of a pictorial diagram So as to cater to all. This ads additional production cost to the product. There are not much legal implications for Dared Singapore to enforce the legal age to have sex but however, they spend more resources on promoting safe sex as part of their social responsibility. 3. Porters Five Forces Analysis 3. 1 . Threat of New Entrants (Low) Due to the costs and access to the distributive channels for the industry, the threat of having new entrants in this trade is seemingly low. Action for Aids (FAA) by World Health Organization (WHO) have been promoting prevention of HIVE and Studs constantly but with little demand for condoms, companies eke Dared have put in all their investments in this particular industry. Dared does not only produce condoms but they have also constantly produced new products to compete with the other condom brands in the market, with the products at a lower and affordable cost. 3. 2. Threat of Substitutes (Moderate) Besides the myriad of condom brands available in Singapore, there are also many alternative contraceptive measures that are popular among Singapore. Condoms are socially viewed to be the less pleasurable method, and are also attached with the stigma of embarrassment when making the purchase (Thinkers. Erg, 2014). Because of this, many youths tend to shun away from using condoms. Less informed youths may use withdrawal as a mean of contraception, although strictly speaking it is counted as unprotected sex. More informed youths may choose natural contraception, abstinence from penetrative sex or even oral contraceptives. There also are surgical contraceptive methods available that are limited due to the permanent effects. However, this suits a particular older market; those who have made decisions or also due to health reasons. The threat of substitutes is moderate due to the propensity for the market to eek out other alternative contraceptive methods. As sex and contraception are intimate and personal decisions, it is often hard to alter the mind-set of the market. Recently, Dared has made several efforts to introduce Fatherlier, thin and skin like condoms to change this (Dared. Com. My, 2015). 3. 3. Bargaining power Of Suppliers (Low) Most of todays condoms are made of latex and other synthetic materials. The primary ingredient for these is rubber. The 5 main suppliers of this commodity are Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Vietnam; all of which are very close to Singapore, reducing the supply chain cost. As these sources re also located within SEAN region, it is not difficult to switch supplier from within the country, or even to source for materials in neighboring countries (Steve B. Scoot, 2015). Hence, the bargaining power of supplier is low. Furthermore, there are recent developments to use synthetic rubber (Polypropylene) as an improvement to latex condoms provides and alternative supply source for Dared. Since it is a synthetic rubber, Polypropylene is easily produced and available throughout the world. The low cost in the supplied materials are vital for Dared to be able to keep the condoms at a low price point to remain competitive. While the selling point of the product does not always directly relate to the quality of the material used, Dared spends a lot on to constantly develop and improve their products on materials. 3. 4. Bargaining Power of Customers (High) In the Singapore market, condoms are easily available at all convenience stores and are often placed near impulse purchase shelf areas. This is because the nature of the product is fast moving and disposable. To further add on, there are way too many other competitor brands with a variety of other different product offerings. A lot of youths also chose to have unprotected sex, due to the many social related issues despite the low cost of condoms in Singapore (Heartfelt. Asinine. Com, 2015). This makes the bargaining power of Dared customers high. Although Dared is a well-positioned brand and more recognized, there is little brand loyalty among customers due to the discussed points. Competitor brands are similarly priced coupled with the affluence of Singapore make the cost of switching to a competitor brand very easy. Any significant changes in the price of Dared condoms can cause a loss of customers unless the price change can be justified by the product offering. 3. 5. Competitive Rivalry (High) Competitive rivalry in the industry is relatively high. This is because of the nature of the product that is low involvement and customers have little loyalty. It is hard to differentiate the products from other brands and it, coupled with the difficulty of marketing to the masses. This high competitiveness has driven the various companies to constantly innovate to differentiate. From condoms of different flavor, texture, and thickness are all efforts by brands to grab the attention of the fickle consumer. Dared has responded to this rivalry by creating bundle packs of pleasure gels and sex sys along with condoms to be branded as an advocate of enjoyable and safe sex. Dared is able to differentiate themselves from other competitors by addressing the perspective that condoms are a pleasure-kill. Ultimately, regardless of all the marketing and bundles that Dared can offer, the core product offering of a condom is fundamentally the safety and assurance that it provides to consumers. The measure of safety and reliability is often intangible and difficult to market out. Hence, Dared strategies to compete against rivals involve providing scientific data to instill assurance and life in Duresss technology. Dared is a company with relative branding in Singapore with quite a range Of products they have displayed on the shelves. Not only their products are of good quality, they are also constantly coming up with new flavors and innovations. However, compared to the prices of their competitors, Dared products are still relatively higher. Therefore, the four strategic recommendations are Cost Leadership, Differentiation Strategy, Diversification Type and Diversification Process. 4. 1 . Concentration Strategy Based on the brand equity that Dared has already built up, it would be advantageous for the company to continue investing and further strengthening their foothold in the industry. With the application of Nations Matrix, there are many directions that Dared can pursue in the industry. Remaining in the industry allows Dared to focus more resources onto developing better products so as to gain leverage over the competitive market in Singapore, as shown in the Porters 5 forces analysis. 4. 2. Concentric Diversification As the social and technological trends develop, it is difficult for a company like Dared to predict and react. Hence, a strategic move is for Dared to acquire ND develop into other forms of contraception industries (both commercial and medical) so as to remain a key player in the industry. Regardless of what forces exert pressure, Dared will be able to have a certain degree of influence over the market and its environment. In order to further influence those with no brand loyalty, innovation can often help to tip customers in choosing Dared. As with the case of Samsung, by introducing many innovative products to the market and reacting to the consumer preferences can actually help to differentiate how different the brand is from the others. For example, Dared came up with an ultra-thin Indo ranged Fatherlier is a good strategy to attract customers. Dared also has a superior research team which further adds on to the branding (Dared. Com. So, 1 915). Although the price range of Dared may seem affordable, however customers think of Dared much more as a premium brand compared to other competitors like Spire and Oakmont. Hence, implementing low costs to beat the competition is ideal for the saturated market in Singapore and at the same time, this also allows Dared to gain more brand loyalty customers. For example, current pricing at $7 may not be attractive to win impulse buyers or hose who have no brand preferences. Hence, if the price range of Dared is justified this may in time gain brand loyalty customers. In the recent years, Dared has managed to find much marketing success online. Much of this is because of the Singapore culture and environment that Dared is able to benefit from. However, the strict advertising policies still pose a problem for the industry as it is difficult to market and stand out. Furthermore, as a low cost product, little emotional attachment and buyer involvement, Dared has done more to innovate and differentiate themselves from competitors.

Different essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Different essays - Essay Example Therefore, they mate with members from a diverse population. Thus, a new species may develop (Alcamo & Schweitzer, 2011). It implies evolution is devoid of have a particular goal that it intends to realize (Simon, 2015). They just evolve meaning they have a capability of changing their structure and reacts on the problems the environment presents at the specific times (Simon, 2015). For evolution to occur, mutation has to take place though it is an extremely slow progression and cannot be rapidly (Simon, 2015). The genes may shift from one population to another and the nonrandom mating may occur quickly but the generic drift occurs by chance randomly. Therefore, it might take a while before this happens. Moreover, selection varies in different genotypes. It may take a while for individuals in a population to be varied (Simon, 2015). Some bacteria have a mutation that makes them possible to survive the penicillin (Simon, 2015). Moreover, the administration of the penicillin changes the environment in which the bacteria reside. The bacteria with resistance genes will survive this new environment. The resistance genes pass over to several generations due to natural selection (Simon, 2015). Due to the usage of penicillin for many generations, the resistant bacteria increase over time. This makes penicillin less effective (Simon,

Define managers and discuss the changing nature of management Research Paper

Define managers and discuss the changing nature of management - Research Paper Example The managers lead teams, execute ideas, develop the workforce and allocate resources for the sake of all concerned. Their essential duty is to bring out the very best through collective efforts of the team members and to ask of these very team members to give in their best on a proactively consistent basis. Managers therefore have a definitive role to play within the midst of an organization and it is because of the above-mentioned reasons that managers have had their say within the decision-making tenets. Managers are responsible for nearly all aspects that come under their auspices. The management realms ask of the managers to take the initiative, gain control and lead teams so that their end results are significant towards the eventual goals of the organization. Managers are usually very accessible in their working methodologies and hence it is easy to get along with them on the part of the people who work with them or under their aegis. Management is therefore a very broad area which must be understood within the proper domains before moving ahead any further. Management stems its basis from the classical perspective, an area that banked heavily on the use of more leaders rather than managers. However with the changing times, the focus has been put on the shoulders of managers so that they could showcase their management talents and abilities as well as deliver instant results for the sake of the business entities they work for. Management has remained firm in the belief that people need to be supervised in an able capacity by a leader who can deliver whenever the going gets tough. This leader must stand up and be counted for the sake of not only his own self but also the subordinates who work under him. In essence, he is actually working towards building a solid base for the sake of his organization which is all the more important. Once again, the emphasis is on building capacity management