Police Brutality And Ways Of Reducing It Essay - 2246 Words

Analyzing Police Brutality and Ways to Reduce it Abstract: Police use of force is a controversial topic in today’s society. It is now happening at a dramatically increased rate in some of the finest police departments in the United States. As an integral part of police work, officers are tasked with detaining individuals who break the law. Part of detaining those individuals, officers use discretion when determining the amount of force to use on a suspect if they become too resistant. But many of those officers are using unnecessary force against those suspect in fear of their safety. Those officers use physical force which often times becomes police brutality. Officers are often not held accountable for their actions because their actions are always deemed as justifiable. But how many of those cases are not justifiable to their actions? Even when the proof is there they are not held accountable. Many researchers have conducted research how and why these problems have occurred and the possible solutions. In this paper, I pla n to review and advance on what can be done to reduce police brutality. Looking at six different sources relating to the research question. I have found that not all of the data in the articles is substantial enough to answers how we can reduce the occurrences of those situations. The research conducted is good enough but further research is needed to reach mitigation strategies for possible solutions. There needs to be improvement made on the DOJs end inShow MoreRelatedFreedom Of Speech : The Boston Tea Party Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesof the police today. After the Vietnam war, President Richard Nixon declared a â€Å"war on drugs† in 1971. The consequences of the â€Å"war on drugs† is not often discussed. The SWAT team should not be called for a drug bust. There was an incident where a SWAT team stormed in the house of Jonathon Whitworth, his wife and 7-year old son. The tip that they received said that Whitworth’s house had a large amount of marijuana. The residue that was left on the trash cans was marijuana. Police bargedRead MoreThe Relationship Between Police Brutality And African Americans1350 Words   |  6 Pagesreality, to this day racism still exists in a vicious however very subtle way. Nowadays racism can occur through cultural institutions, individual racism, as well as racial ideology. These forms of discrimination cause racial inequalities which bring about a lack of opportunity and mistreatment. This paper will focus on the relationship between police brutality and African Americans. Let me be clear though police brutality affects the lives of minorities in general, but mostly this epidemic causesRead MorePolice Brutality And Crime Brutality833 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality Police brutality is defined as the use of excessive or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians (What Is Police Brutality?). Recently, there have been a surplus of incidents involving police brutality. Cases like Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Tamir Rice are examples of police brutality. All three of these victims ended up dead at the hands of police. Statistics show that, just this year alone, 1,013 Americans have been killed by cops (Cop Crisis). Social mediaRead MorePolice Brutality Should Not Be Swept Under The Rug980 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem with police brutality and the exertion of force used. Police brutality seems to be a rising issue again with the occurrence of the Michael Brown shooting and the ‘Black Lives Matter’ movement making sure that any form of police brutality should not be swept under the rug. Action has been taken in some cities around the country for dealing with police brutality, such as police reform, which requires the retra ining of hundreds of officers. There has also been talk and use of police body camerasRead MorePolice Brutality Is A Trend Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunately, police brutality is a trend that continues to increase daily. In fact, the Washington Post stated there was 807 people shot, and killed by police in 2016. Not to mention, in 2015 there was 901 people shot, and killed by police in the United States. However, there are many underlying factors that lead to any police involved shooting, or police brutality incident that occurs. Furthermore, it is important to understand these factors, so officers could prevent any more police brutality incidentsRead MorePolice Body Cameras On The World870 Words   |  4 Pagesby officers’ decline 60%, and citizens’ complaints against police fell 88%†. (Christopher Mims) The introduction of police body cameras impacted the world in many better ways than bad. But, police body cameras were introduced due to the public s awareness to police brutality and numerous of publicity deaths which has impacted the outcome of police interactions. Police body cameras were first thought of when an awareness of police brutality was brought upon the public. With the help of cell phoneRead MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MoreShould Police Officers Be Required For Where Body Cameras?1479 Words   |  6 Pages Should Police Officers be required to where Body Cameras Ken Davis BUSI600 Section # BO5 June 21, 2015 Abstract The pedigree of this literary review will outline some of the dimensions and elements that provide empirical research by reliable researchers using reliable methods. The purpose of this paper is threefold: The first purpose is to review the communication and organizational literature on authority in order to illustrate how police brutality assist and continues toRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Police Brutality1458 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem I would like to conduct sociological research on is the use of excessive force used by members of the police department in recent unconscionable shootings of unarmed civilians. With all the recent attention that the people of Ferguson Missouri and New York City have been able to rise on this issue, making it a media sensation, it seemed like a good topic to discuss. Police brutality is an egregious, ongoing problem in our society that, until just recently, has been accepted as a sad fact of

Parenting Styles and Child Development - 1821 Words

| Parenting Styles and Child Development | Awais Qureshi | | Hannah Steinweld | 5/11/2011 | | In recent years, much data has shown that parenting styles exercise a strong influence on child development and behaviour. The initial choice of parenting style creates the foundation for the child’s psychological and social development. Parents can choose from different approaches in raising their child; they can be strict, moderate or lenient. Authoritarian parents are characterized as being demanding and controlling and intolerant of their child’s bad behaviour (Aslam and Sartaj, 2001). On the other hand, authoritative parents are also defined as demanding but are more understanding as regards to the child’s failures and will try†¦show more content†¦The child will also learn autonomy and learn from his own mistakes. In all, children raised by authoritarian parents to succeeded well in their life. Finally, permissive parents are as described before are the more lenient type. They don’t impose much discipline or rules on the child and they tend to accept the child’s desires, actions and impulses. The child can easily manipulate the parent into doing what the child wants because the parent presents himself as a resource that the kin can use as he pleases too. Furthermore, since the parent never exhorts any responsibility, the child is free to do what he wants (Baumrind, 1996). This is the reason why sometimes the permissive parents are described as being uninvolved. They don’t have much impact on the development of the child because the parent always surrenders to the wishes of the child. Nevertheless, the parent always shows a lot of love to their child and is very supportive; they lean to be more as a friend to the child rather than giving an image of a parent. Impact on Child The way the child is raised has an impact on the child’s education, social life and his character. According to a study, children from authoritative background do much better in school than children with permissive and authoritarian parents. Also, the study shows that the authoritarian parents put much more emphasis on grades then the overall developmentShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles And Their Effects On The Child Development Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesParenting Styles and their Effects on the Child Development Parenting is the process of raising a child. It is one of the oldest responsibilities parents have towards their children. Be a parent can be challenging and rewarding as well. Each parent uses different parenting styles. In the early 1960s, Diana Baumrind concluded that parenting styles differ in four important areas: parents warmth/nurturance, discipline strategy, communication skills, and expectations of maturity. She concluded thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Parenting Styles On Child Development2048 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact of Different Parenting Styles on Child Development Since the late 1920s psychologists have been curious about the influence of parents on child development (Darling, 1999). Researchers in psychology, sociology, and education have indicated that parental influence shows no decline into adolescence (Astone McLanahan, 1991). The main approach to studying parental influence is examining different parenting styles. These parenting styles shape the development of competence and behaviorRead MoreLiterature Review- Parenting Styles and Child Development1737 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract A parenting style is a method or type of parenting which directly and indirectly influences the development of the child. Developmental psychologists study the physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, emotional and personality growth and development that occurs throughout a lifetime. The purpose of this research was to identify how specific parenting styles positively and negatively correlate with behaviors in children, how they affect children, and what methods of parenting couldRead MoreParenting Styles And Its Effects On A Child s Development1220 Words   |  5 PagesResearch in parenting styles has found a large amount of correlation between parenting behavior and certain long-term outcomes for children. Specifically, parenting styles have been shown to correlate to a child’s obedience level, school competence, delinquency, violence, sexual activity, antisocial behavior, alcohol and substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and self-perception. The members of yo ur family are the most prevalent relationships you will have in your life. Therefore, they will have theRead MoreThe Impact Of Parenting Styles On A Child s Development2645 Words   |  11 PagesMelanie Santos Final Reflection Research Paper PSYC 215 - Dr. Bagshaw The significant impact different parenting styles can have on a child’s development intrigued me and prompted my self reflection of how my immigrant parents parenting practices affected my development. From my experience, I believe immigrant parents are more likely to display authoritarian versus authoritative parenting styles. â€Å"Studies have shown that parents of individualistic cultures (i.e. western cultures) are more likelyRead MoreParenting Styles Have A Big Impact On The Development And Outcome Of A Child1671 Words   |  7 Pages There has always been debate about the different parenting styles that exist and how they affect the development and outcome of a child. How a child is raised and treated as they are brought up has a lot to do with the kind of person they will be later in life. Therefore, it can have either a positive, negative, or even both positive and negative effects on a child as they are growing up. Certain factors of parenting play a big role su ch as how the parent use discipline, warmth and nurture, communicationRead MoreParenting Styles Have A Key Effect On A Child s Development862 Words   |  4 Pagestrust you?† These are just some of the questions that many teenagers encounter on a daily basis, when growing up under the rule of authoritarian parents. Parenting styles have a key effect on a child’s development, impacting both present and future relationships in all aspects of life, and a highly common type of parenting is this authoritarian style. Authoritarian parents focus on discipline, and show little to no warmth. A ‘helicopter parent’ is a term used to describe parents (commonly mothers)Read MoreParenting styles and its effects on the child development â€Å"The most beautiful thing in this2400 Words   |  10 Pages Parenting styles and its effects on the child development â€Å"The most beautiful thing in this world is to see your parents smiling and knowing that you are the reason behind that smile.† Our parents’ first concern; which parenting style to follow in order to raise up a well-developed, and well-mannered person. Matter of fact, a huge debate went over this particular issue, whether strict parenting is the right method, or being leant is the correct method. There is clear evidenceRead MoreEssay on Parenting Styles and How They Affect Your Children951 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Are the Parenting Styles and How Do They Affect Your Child? How a parent raises their child can affect the child later on in life. There are four parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and neglectful (uninvolved). Each of these parenting styles can affect a child in some way. Some parenting styles have more negative outcomes than others. Some have both positive and negative outcomes. The authoritarian parenting style is a style in which the parent has the only say. ThisRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood Development1399 Words   |  6 PagesEarly Childhood Development Cynthia Miranda PSY 375 July 2, 2012 Dr. Aneta Bhojwani Infancy and Early Childhood Development Every human being begins developing in one way or another, from the moment they come into this world. Development and all its aspects begin in infancy and continue throughout one’s entire lifetime. It is a common belief that infants and young children are influenced by the environment that surrounds them. Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and

Constantine and Christianity Essay - 2155 Words

What was the impact that Constantine had on Christianity after he conquered the Roman Empire? As a stone penetrating a tide of water, Constantine penetrated through pagan worship as he brought Christianity to the forefront after the great battle in the Roman Empire. It changed the way Romans worshiped and impacted their society as a whole. Christianity was brought to the fore front greatly due to the support of Constantine. With his help Romans had changed their Pagan views to Christian views while impacting society, education, and influence on the Roman Empire. Christianity before Constantine Christianity during the early century was very difficult for many Christians. As many Christians were persecuted for not worshipping pagan gods.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœChristians to the lions’ as Trajan would say, an emperor in the early centuries Christianity to them have alienated the favour of their gods which has and would continue to cause disasters in the Roman Empire. The misfortune of Christians did not stop during this period, but it did come to a composed halt as Galerius, gave Christians the right to worship in some sense. Christianity during the early stages was clearly a course of persecution and forced pagan accusations. Constantine dramatically changed the recourse of religions with the battle of Milvian Bridge as Christianity became the predominant religion of the Roman Empire. The battle of Milvian Bridge lead by Constantine in 312 (Allan, 45), gave Christians a surge of hope and faith as Constantine would claim king of the Roman Empire. After s uch a great battle, Christianity would be put into question how it was impacted through living and socio-economic standards. Christianity and its Influences The new faith that brought a message and established the resurrection of Jesus Christ was the faith that Constantine adopted as a child from his mother. Christianity during Constantine’s reign established much dominance over other religions and was the main reason for influence of the Christian. Christianity in the Roman world had many perils from gladiatorial battles, to forms of charity which affected the Roman world for good (McGiffert, 34). Charity became withShow MoreRelatedConstantine And Christianity Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesGaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine, is commonly referred to as the fist Christian emperor of the Roman Empire and as the defender of Christianity. Such grand titles are not necessarily due for the reasons that people commonly think of them today. The first clear instance where Christianity is seen in Constantines life is during his campaign against Maxentius. In the spring of 311, when Constantine was marching to Rome to battle against Maxentius, he saw a vision in theRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Of The Roman Empire1350 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine and Christianity in the Roman Empire Religion has always been an important force in the lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marked a turning point of the Roman world and drove the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’sRead MoreConstantine and His Effect on Christianity1518 Words   |  7 PagesConstantine and his effect on Christianity When we look back at Christianity over the years, there are several people who are remembered for their impact on the religion. The first most important figure was Jesus Christ. However, if we travel forward a bit, into the 4th Century we come across Constantine. Historians agree that Constantine served as an important component in the spread of Christianity. Although he spread the religion in a massive way, others wonder if his methods were more harmfulRead MoreConstantine: Gods Gift to Christianity1168 Words   |  5 Pagesextremists in India or in places like China and North Korea. Yet Christianity thrives as the world’s largest religion. Persecution of Christians was especially brutal and widespread during the fourth century in the Roman Empire. Christians were tortured until they denied Christ or killed if they refused, their possessions, houses and buildings were confiscated and they were forced to observe pagan sacrificial traditions. Constantine the Great’s ri se to power brought about tremendous change in RomanRead MoreConstantine And Empress Helen Their Impact On Christianity1479 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Constantine and Empress Helena: Their Impact on Christianity -Who was Constantine?: Constantine was believed to be born on February 22, either in 272 or 273 AD. The exact date and year is not definite. He was the son of Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (mainly known as Constantius Chlorus) and Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta (mainly known as Saint Helena). His father was an officer of the army, and his mother was an inn keeper’s daughter. His father later divorced his motherRead MoreConstantine the Ruler of the Roman Empire1626 Words   |  7 Pages Constantine the ruler of the Roman Empire had been surrounded by many controversies during his reign (Cameron, 14). He was the son of a great warrior and he defeated Manutius a great ruler at Milia Bridge. He had gained much respect and admiration among the Romans as a fair ruler. He emerged as a ruler who supported Christianity and then became popular as a Christian ruler himself. His reign and victory over the Roman Empire is a significant event in the history of Christian religion. With theRead MoreThe Religious Conversions of King Clovis I and Emperor Constantine I738 Words   |  3 Pagessuch as the conversion of Constantine I, nor as ground-breaking as that of Clovis I. Constantine I was born in the year 280. During his reign as emperor of the Roman Empire, the state was falling apart. 1 He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He called the Council of Nicea in 325 to resolve conflicts arising between the Arian Christians and the Athansian Christians. 2 Th is resulted in the canonization of Athansian Christianity, to which Constantine I converted his empire. 3ClovisRead MoreThe Conversion Of Roman Emperor1720 Words   |  7 Pages11/7/2014 Research Paper The conversion of Roman Emperor, Constantine, marked the start of a reform that would change Rome forever. A once pagan society, Rome was one of the last to grasp the Christianity concept. The start of â€Å"Christianizing† Rome began with two of Jesus’ disciples, Peter and James, as well as the apostle Paul in the Roman province of Antioch during the first century (New Women of Color Study Bible 1742). From this, Christianity spread all over the province, by the time it got to RomeRead MoreConstantine : A Influential Leader1295 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine was a very influential leader throughout his life. He was able to accomplish many things, everything from making a major world religion possible, to running a successful empire. It all started when he was born in around 280 CE in Naissus, Moesia, to father Flavius Valerius and mother Helena. His father became Roman emperor in around 305 CE. He was elected to the position of emperor by Maximalla, who was the empe ror of Western Rome at the time. While his father was alive, Constantine wasRead MoreConstantine the Great1359 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine the Great Constantine the Great, first Christian Emperor, originator of Constantinople, creator of the Byzantine Empire, military conqueror, and honored saint, has been labeled by many the most instrumental emperor of the Roman Empire. Constantine played a crucial role in the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, and founded Christianity as the formal religion of the Roman Empire. His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the infrastructure of European development. From

Review on the Human Rights Watch Veggies Gone Wild Video

Through our daily lives, we all consume, purchase and utilize multitudes of products that we sometimes neglect to fully understand how they were able to reach our possession. The uproar of clothing made in sweatshops overseas by under aged laborers fills the newspapers and protest are seen worldwide on the issue, but the truth of the matter is that the United States have a child labor issue right here in our own backyard and a simple internet video, Veggies Gone Wild!!! by the Human Rights Watch organization on YouTube led to research a scenario that is not usually considered as middle class families sit down for their nightly dinners. Creating videos to share on the internet is becoming a tool that is utilized by many activist organizations because of the low cost of hosting the videos and the ability to have the video to reach genres that might never have seen it before. By taking on the popularity of stop action filming, the video is a constant streaming of fresh fruits and vegetables, creating eye-catching words and shapes with a light and airy music that draws you into a subject that is far more serious than the atmosphere of the video presents. You are eventually presented with real, live-action video of children working in the fields to pick the same fruits and vegetables seen in the earlier footage. In the end, the video encourages viewers to contact their congressmen and push for the support of US House Resolution 3564, The Children’s Act for Responsible

Everyday Use By Alice Walker (813 words) Essay Example For Students

Everyday Use By Alice Walker (813 words) Essay Everyday Use By Alice WalkerThe place where you hang your hat, where the heart is, is a link to the past,and through its door one walks into the future: home can be many things t oneperson. To many Georgians, home is the place where they come from, the placewhere the famiy line can be traced from memories and keepasakes. InEveryday Use, Alice Walker explores the importance of home to afamily of three women in Georgia. This story is told from the eyes of Mama, Deeand Maggies mother. Walker uses Mama to characterize her daughters and herselfin an unbiased light that only a mother could love or know. Mam is alarge, big boned woman wit rough, man working hands, who cankill and clean a hog as mersilessly as a man(1). Mama, a round cahracter,lives a life that contradicts Dees ideas. Mama contributes it mostly to her andMaggies lack of academis intelligence. She usually allows Dee to receive whatshe wants because of this difference. By the end of this short story, Mama putsher foot down. Ma ma describes Maggied, a dynamic character, with a tone of pity. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passedher buy(3). Maaggies is accustomed to being pushed aside. Maggie ischaracterized in this story by her actions rather than her words. Her sullenattitude is seen in her mothers descripion of her simply walking. Haveyou ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog, run over soem careless person, sidleup to someone who is ingorant enough to be kind to them?(2). Dee seems tobe the cause of her angst. Near the conclusion, Maggies sullen attitude isahnged when her mother refuses to allow her to be pushed aside by Dee. Maggie smiled. . . But a real smile not scared(7). Dee felt she wasdifferent from the rest of her family. She was the olly one to attend college. She favors what was popularized by the world outside of her home. Deewanted nice things. . . at sixteen she had a style of her own(2). Hermother offered her a qulit when she went away for college. She told methey were old fashioned, out of style(6). She is a static character. Shereturns home unahnged, not willing to understand another point of view, butwanting her family to change and bend to her ideas even after the short storyconcludes. Symbolism, the association of a meaning or theme to an item, is usedin this novel to give ther reader a greater understanding of each charactersinner thoughts. Walker linked these characters with tow main contextual symbols:the house and the two quilts. As the house burns, each characters positionaround the house directly related to how they feel about their familybackground. Maggie felt that the house was a part of her For Maggie, the househeld memories of her and her family. As her dress fell off her in littleblack papery flakes in the fire, parts of her were lost with the house(2). Dee, on the other hand, was far from the ho;use, steadily concentrating on theburning house until it was completely destroyed. Dee did not desire to beassociated with her family, like she did not want to be associated with thehouse. Both were slow to change and confirm to the actions of the world outsideof her familys own tight circle. The quilts had a similar meaning but meantsomething different for Maggie and Dee. For Maggie, the quilt was a link to hergrandmother and her familys past. Dee saw the quilt only as art that wastemporily valuable. Like the house, the quilt represented a familys heritage. .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .postImageUrl , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:hover , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:visited , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:active { border:0!important; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:active , .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80 .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c55052db85c94fd86c3140095593c80:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bowfishing EssayDees visit set the stage for many ironic statements. Irony or contradictionsbetween ideas and reality, can be seen in what Dee would like her family to beand what really is. Waiting for Dees arrival, her mother co;ntemplates thatdifference: In real life,I am a large, big boned woman, with man workinghands. . . But of course all this does not show on television. I am the way mydaughter wants me to be, a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like and uncookedbarely pancake. My hair glistens in the hot, bright lights(2). Iron isalso seen when Dee announces her death and new lifestyle, but still atechitterlings an other foods her mother cooked. In her new life these foods areforbidden to eat, which Dee does not seem to acknowledge. Walker uses this ironyto show how artificial and temporary Dees interest in her heritage is. Deeslsat statements demostrated Walkers use of verbal irony: You just dontunderstand. . . Your heritage(7). In actualitiy, she was the one who knewnothing about her heritage. Home holds ones history and heritage. Like a tree,stronger are ones roots that run deep or know where one comes from. As Walkerdisplays in this short story, you can be lost if home is just put behind you. Itis an important part of ones life.

Global Marketing and Various International Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Global Marketing and Various International Strategies. Answer: Introduction: According to Dos Santos et al. (2013), every organisation in todays competitive business world tries to expand its business after earning the expected sales revenue as global marketing will help an organisation to cater the international customers for holding a best position in the global market. Woolworths, a famous supermarket chain in Australia intends to open outlets in Johannesburg in order to increase its customer base and market share. The target market of Woolworths is various locations in Johannesburg to capture minimum 31% of the market. Even the management of Woolworths has planned to enter the Johannesburg market in a process of joint venture with local companies. At initial stage, Woolworths opens only three supermarket outlet in Johanesberg and the business exerts plan to open more than seven supermarket by next two years (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). The positioning strategy of Woolworths has been developed only after analysing its competitor company Edgars market strateg ies. However, the positing strategies of Woolworths involve its creative and unique product and making a proper positioning statement. The marketers have make an appropriate competitor analysis and identifies own unique positioning strategies with innovative ideas. Marketing Mix There was an economic turmoil during the era of 2008 in the global economy; therefore, the business experts of Woolworths have planned to expand its business during 2010 in various location of Johannesburg, South Africa after a thorough consultation with the finance managers of the company. However, the retail sector was not affected because of the global economic downturn. The marketing mix strategy of Woolworths helps the company to know the constant changing purchasing behaviour of the customer. Igumbor et al. (2012) have mentioned that marketing mix reflects the actual desires of the customers of the targeted market in successful manner. The marketing mix strategy involves product place, price and promotion. Figure 1: Marketing Mix (Source: Wagiciengo Belal, 2012) Product Woolworths is specialised in selling the groceries product such as fruit, vegetables, meat and packaged foods and other stationary products such as DVDs and magazines. All offered grocery products of Woolworths are 100% fresh and it is the attracting part of this supermarket for capturing the target market in Johannesburg (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). All the offered products of Woolworths maintain a world class standard as the main priority of the management is to provide the consumers the healthy groceries. Place Woolworth operates in various location of Johannesburg including Morningside shopping centre, Cresta shopping centre. Woolworths Food is located in Rustenburg road. Woolworths intends to open three more store in various location of Johannesburg for business expansion with a strict following of the global marketing strategy in appropriate manner. The head office of Woolworths that is in New South Wales of Australia controls and handles every business operations of Woolworths in Johannesburg. Price The price of the products of Woolworths varies according to the availability. Even the management provides seasonal sales on such fixed products, which attract the customers of Johannesburg (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). However, the marketers have thoroughly analysed the pricing strategies of competitor companies in the retail industry of Johannesburg and tries to offer a bit low price for their products in order to attract both the new and existing customers. Promotion The marketers of Woolworths have used both the raditional and modern platform of promotion. Woolworths provide advertisements of products seasonal sales and discounts on the magazines, local newspaper of Johannesburg. Pereira Ruysenaar (2012) have mentioned that the effectiveness of the social media platform cannot be neglected in todays technological world. The management of Woolworths uses the social media platform such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, log and official online website of the company in order to aware the customers about the availability and features of every products. The promotion process actually helps to attract the new generation of customers as mainly 80% young generation of Johannesburg access various social media (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Table 1: Marketing Mix (Source: Triegaardt, 2014) The marketing mix of Woolworths maximises the chances to achieve a continual and steady success in the business operation. Even marketing mix strategies help to provide the products according to the requirements and demand of the customers in particular marketplace. This above-mentioned 4Ps is effective to meet the established goals and objectives of Woolworths in Johannesburg. Product Strategy As Woolworths intends to open new supermarkets in various location of Johannesburg, therefore, the marketers and business experts employ effective and potential strategies to capture the market. Atkins Maroun (2015) have stated that the market entry strategies of an organisation should be made on cutting down the basic operation cost and expectation of low return of sales revenue than expectation. However, Woolworths is a famous supermarket retail chain in Australia, which expands its business in various location of South Africa including Johannesburg, Tanzania, Uganda and Nigeria. The product strategies of Woolworths in Johannesburg include improved products than the existing products in the market offered by the competitor companies such as Tesco, Walmart, Macro Wholefoods Ltd. and Aldi. Even Woolworths have concentrated on the niche market just after its entrance in the retail industry of Johannesburg. Battersby Peyton (2014) have mentioned that the process of innovation during the entry of a company in a completely new marketplace should be incremental or radial. Woolworths develops various new channels to distribute the products in various location of Johannesburgs Woolworths supermarket. All the products of Woolworths are offered to the consumers according to their demands and criteria. Pricing Strategy Sanchez Rodrigues Potter (2013) have suggested that pricing strategy plays an important role for an organisation, which is making its move in other countries for business expansion. As Woolworths appeared in the retail supermarket industry of Australia, when there is already the other supermarket chains such as Aldi, Walmart and Tesco have enjoyed a stable position in the marketplace. Factors Justification Average income R781,032 R96,088 GDP GDP growth of Woolworth in Johannesburg is calculated at 2.0% in the last year. Tax Woolworths tax and interest rates increase by 54.32% in this continuing year because of its excellent performance in the retail industry of Johannesburg (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Currency exchange rate Currency exchange rates vary as it operates through the partnerships of franchises. Average competitor price The average competitor price is 15% lower than the other existing competitor companies are. Product cost It has been reduced by 12% in this present year. Distribution cost Distribution cost remain same like the previous year Labour cost Labour cost has been increased by 17.32%. Material cost Raw material cost has also been developed by 31% because of the price hike of the source of raw materials in the retail industry of Johannesburg. Marketing cost Marketing cost has been improved by 21% in this current year because the management of Woolworths have planned new way of channels of marketing fr attracting the new generation of customers in Johannesburg. Table 2: Pricing strategy (Source: Brzel Thauer, 2013) At the initial stage of market entrance in Johannesburg, Woolworths keeps the price of its offered products low than the products of other competitor companies in order to steal the consumers of those companies and can earn minimum level of sales revenue of its expectation. The management of Woolworths have employed modern technologies in order to reduce the cost productivity and operation process. The business experts of Woolworths have developed a completely new pricing strategy to enter the retail market of Johannesburg, such as promoting and launching products on online platform (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Figure 2: Pricing strategy (Source: Chinomona Dubihlela, 2014) As opined by Nhamo Swart (2012), the psychology of the consumer determines the purchasing power and preferences of the customer. Therefore, the management of Woolworths keeps the price of its products after a thorough market research of the buying behaviour and preferences of the targeted consumers. Wolworths have maintained the factors such as market penetration, skimming and relationship bundling. Place Nattrass Seekings (2012) have referred that place is significant for expanding any kind of business in various location across the world. The selection of appropriate channel design mix can be considered as challenging process for Woolworths as it is new in the retail industry of Johannesburg. The marketing goals and market segments of every company usually vary from the other (Rudansky-Kloppers, 2014). Woolworths employs the social media platforms as an effective medium of distribution and marketing channels. Even the business experts of Woolworths manage these channels with resolving conflicts in between the organisation employees and management, evaluating employee performance and the existing products. Preferred intensity of distribution involves not only the goal of an organisation with increasing the existing value of the entire business targets. Even it involves the distinctive competencies, willingness and ability to take risks during the critical challenges encountered by t he company. Woolworths has selected the location of its supermarket in a popular and crowded place in order to attract a large number of targeted customers. Communication Promotional Mix Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) plan involves the awareness of the customers to the brand loyalty of the particular organisation. Hamann (2012) has mentioned that integrated marketing communication helps to archive the established goals and objectives of an organisation in appropriate manner. Woolworths business experts and managers have used IMC as an important tool and vehicle for brand positioning in strategic manner with a potential integration of a particular mode of communication and marketing channels, which ensure a consistent, clear and transparent message for the maximum reach to the targeted and segmented consumers of Johannesburg in South Africa. With the help of appropriate promotional mix strategies, Woolworths have become most trusted and recognised retail brand in the retail industry of Johannesburg (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Woolworths is efficient and capable enough to provide a world class shopping experience to its targeted and segmented consumers as it w ill help to retain the present saes revenue. It will also open up a perfect scope and possibility for earning more sales revenue at the end of the year by denoting and determining a stable and strong position in the market share. People According to Kruger Fourie (2015), people involve the employees, targeted customers and the shareholders of an organisation. In the case of Woolworths in Johannesburg, the entire success of this supermarket lies on its retaining capability of its targeted customers. Woolworths enjoys more or less 80% happy customers in various location of Johannesburg, who prefer to shop only with Woolworths rather than other existing companies in Johannesburg. The management of Woolworths engage more than 10,256 inhabitants of Johannesburg as their efficient, potential and trustworthy employees of the organisation (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Even the suppliers of Woolworths are enough supportive, which helps the business experts to make effective strategies according to the demand and criteria of the segmented and targeted customers as the suppliers of this company includes dairy producers, farmers and other associative, who contribute more than R600 billion into the company economy every year. The suppliers also speed up the delivery process as Woolworth also provide the facilities of doorstep delivery of daily products to its customers in certain fixed location from its outlets and supermarkets. The demand of the customers helps the business experts of Woolworths to come up with completely new, unique and innovative product to attract both the new and existing customers of Woolworths in Johannesburg. Hughes et al. (2015) have stated that customers are always hold the centre position of any kind of business as it has enough capability to determine the ultimate business future of an organisation and to retain a stable position in the particular marketplace where it operates its business in perfect manner. Economic Evaluation The entire process of economic evaluation differs with the transforming decision of the consumers for crave of completely new products in the market (Mortimer, 2014). As Woolworths have entered into the market of Johannesburg with innovative product, which is completely unknown in the retail industry of Johannesburg therefore, the customers cannot accept these products at initial stage. Rudansky-Kloppers, (2014) has reflected the fact that total market calculation is required before targeting and retaining the customer base of a particular country. As Woolworths has established its goal to achieve minimum 13% after its entrance into the retail market of Johannesburg, therefore, the economic evaluation of Woolworths involves an important process of a systematic and specific identification, valuation and measurements of the outcomes and inputs of the alternative business operation, functions and activities. As opined by Hughes et al. (2015), the basic purpose of economic evaluation helps to identify the adequate course of business action, which is completely based upon the available evidence within the specific marketplace. Woolworths economic evaluation suggests the comparative analysis of various alternative courses of the existing business actions, which can be calculated both in term of consequences and costs of the business operation of this company. Woolworths target, those customers, who are adaptive enough with the changing demand of the retail industry, therefore the expected revenue of this company after the present annul year is minimum 14.235. However, the financial managers of Woolworths will decide effective strategies to increase the sales revenue by 30% at least at the end of next five years (Woolworths.co.za., 2016). Both the internal and external factors can determine the economic evaluation of Woolworths in Johannesburg. In order to reduce the operational cost of the business, the management of Woolworths sources the local suppliers and manufacturers. References Atkins, J., Maroun, W. (2015). Integrated reporting in South Africa in 2012: Perspectives from South African institutional investors.Meditari Accountancy Research,23(2), 197-221. Battersby, J., Peyton, S. (2014, June). The geography of supermarkets in Cape Town: supermarket expansion and food access. InUrban Forum(Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 153-164). Springer Netherlands. Brzel, T., Thauer, C. (Eds.). (2013).Business and Governance in South Africa: Racing to the Top?. Springer. Chinomona, R., Dubihlela, D. (2014). Does customer satisfaction lead to customer trust, loyalty and repurchase intention of local store brands? The case of Gauteng Province of South Africa.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(9), 23. Dos Santos, M. A., Svensson, G., Padin, C. (2013). Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,18(1), 104-108. Hamann, R. (2012). The business of development: Revisiting strategies for a sustainable future.Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development,54(2), 18-29. Hughes, A., McEwan, C., Bek, D. (2015). Mobilizing the ethical consumer in South Africa.Geoforum,67, 148-157. Igumbor, E. U., Sanders, D., Puoane, T. R., Tsolekile, L., Schwarz, C., Purdy, C., ... Hawkes, C. (2012). Big food, the consumer food environment, health, and the policy response in South Africa.PLoS Med,9(7), e1001253. Kruger, H., Fourie, L. C. (2015). Online product and/or service brand offerings in South Africa.South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences,7(3), 440-458. Mortimer, G. (2014). Who is the South African retail giant behind the David Jones bid?.The Conversation, (10). Nattrass, N., Seekings, J. (2012).Differentiation within the South African Clothing Industry: Implications for Wage Setting and Employment. Centre for Social Science Research. Nhamo, G., Swart, R. (2012). A proposed scholarly framework for measuring business responsibility to climate change in South Africa. Pereira, L. M., Ruysenaar, S. (2012). Moving from traditional government to new adaptive governance: The changing face of food security responses in South Africa.Food Security,4(1), 41-58. Rudansky-Kloppers, S. (2014). Investigating Factors Influencing Customer Online Buying Satisfaction In Gauteng, South Africa.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),13(5), 1187. Sanchez Rodrigues, V., Potter, A. (2013). A comparison of FMCG logistics operations in the UK and South Africa.European Business Review,25(4), 351-364. Triegaardt, J. (2014). Pursuing a social development agenda in the context of globalisation: a South African perspective.Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk,45(1). Wagiciengo, M. M., Belal, A. R. (2012). Intellectual capital disclosures by South African companies: A longitudinal investigation.Advances in Accounting,28(1), 111-119. Woolworths.co.za. (2016). Woolworths Online Shopping | Buy Clothes, Food, Homeware, Gifts, Beauty Fashion | Woolworths.co.za.Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.woolworths.co.za/